Hypertension in pregnancy, or preeclampsia, is a common condition experienced by approximately 3 percent of pregnant women. Women with type 1 diabetes and those who are overweight are most likely to experience hypertension in pregnancy. Risk factors for hypertension in pregnancy also include a family history of preeclampsia, the first pregnancy, teenage pregnancy, pregnancy after 40, and pregnancy with twins or multiples. It is also believed that vitamin D deficiency contributes to the risk of preeclampsia.
Although hypertension in pregnancy is a serious health concern, some women do not experience symptoms. Thus, it is important for all pregnant women to have regular blood pressure checks throughout their pregnancy. General symptoms of preeclampsia include high blood pressure, excessive protein in the urine, severe headaches, and vision problems.
A major problem with preeclampsia is that it could cause blood clots and kidney failure, and a decrease in blood flow to the baby. Preeclampsia could also lead to seizures or stroke. Moreover, there is a risk of death for women suffering with hypertension in pregnancy. Unfortunately, it may be difficult to prevent preeclampsia because doctors are unsure of the exact cause of this condition. Theories suggest some possible causes as “insufficient blood flow to the uterus, damage to the blood vessels, a problem with the immune system, and poor diet.”
Doctors usually recommend medication to treat severe cases of hypertension in pregnancy. Medications known as anti-hypertensive work to lower blood pressure and keep it within normal levels. Doctors may also prescribe corticosteroids which improve liver and platelet functions to help pregnancies go full term. Corticosteroids may also help strengthen the babies’ lungs. Additionally, anti-convulsive medicines may be provided to prevent seizures.
If you are pregnant and experiencing any unusual symptoms, consult your doctor immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment is the best defense against hypertension in pregnancy.
Source
Preeclampsia, Mayo Clinic.